INTERVENÇÕES ERGONÔMICAS EM INDÚSTRIAS DO SETOR ELETROELETRÔNICO: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DA LITERATURA
ERGONOMIC INTERVENTIONS IN INDUSTRIES IN THE ELECTRO-ELECTRONIC SECTOR: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
INTERVENCIONES ERGONÓMICAS EN INDUSTRIAS DEL SECTOR ELÉCTRICO Y ELECTRÓNICO: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LA LITERATURA
Fernando José Herkrath, Leandro Manoel Beiga, Elielza Guerreiro Menezes, Mário Alves Sobral Júnior, Kaellen Almeida Scantbelruy, Jansen Atier Estrázulas
Resumo
O mercado contemporâneo exige eficiência nos processos produtivos, levando a uma deterioração das condições de trabalho. No entanto, isso resulta em maior absenteísmo, afastamentos e custos médicos elevados. Estudos mostram que intervenções ergonômicas podem prevenir e recuperar a perda de produtividade associada a distúrbios musculoesqueléticos. Embora a ergonomia busque melhorar a eficiência e a segurança, os benefícios financeiros nem sempre são evidentes. Uma revisão sistemática destacou uma alta prevalência de exposição a fatores de risco ergonômicos ocupacionais. No setor de montagem eletrônica, desordens musculoesqueléticas são comuns devido a fatores como postura inadequada e movimentos repetitivos. Uma revisão de escopo foi realizada para identificar intervenções ergonômicas e sua eficácia na indústria eletroeletrônica. Embora os estudos variem em metodologia e qualidade, as intervenções mostraram resultados positivos, embora algumas possam ter efeitos colaterais. A competitividade muitas vezes leva à adoção de métodos de produção antiquados, prejudicando a produtividade e a saúde dos trabalhadores. No entanto, medidas simples e de baixo custo podem melhorar as condições de trabalho e a produtividade. Conclui-se que mais estudos são necessários, mas as intervenções ergonômicas mostram consistentemente benefícios tanto para a saúde ocupacional quanto para a gestão corporativa.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
The contemporary market demands efficiency in production processes, leading to a deterioration in working conditions. However, this results in greater absenteeism, sick leave, and higher medical costs. Studies show that ergonomic interventions can prevent and recover lost productivity associated with musculoskeletal disorders. Although ergonomics seeks to improve efficiency and safety, the financial benefits are not always evident. A systematic review highlighted a high prevalence of exposure to occupational ergonomic risk factors. In the electronics assembly sector, musculoskeletal disorders are common due to factors such as poor posture and repetitive movements. A scoping review was carried out to identify ergonomic interventions and their effectiveness in the electronics industry. Although studies vary in methodology and quality, interventions have shown positive results, although some may have side effects. Competitiveness often leads to the adoption of outdated production methods, harming workers' productivity and health. However, simple and low-cost measures can improve working conditions and productivity. It is concluded that more studies are needed, but ergonomic interventions consistently show benefits for both occupational health and corporate management.
Translated version DOI: https://doi.org/10.4322/rae.v16n2.e202206.en
Keywords
Resumen
El mercado contemporáneo exige eficiencia en los procesos productivos, lo que conlleva a un deterioro de las condiciones de trabajo. Sin embargo, esto se traduce en un mayor absentismo, bajas por enfermedad y altos costes médicos. Los estudios demuestran que las intervenciones ergonómicas pueden prevenir y recuperar la pérdida de productividad asociada a los trastornos musculoesqueléticos. Si bien la ergonomía busca mejorar la eficiencia y la seguridad, los beneficios financieros no siempre son evidentes. Una revisión sistemática destacó una alta prevalencia de exposición a factores de riesgo ergonómicos ocupacionales. En la industria del ensamblaje de productos electrónicos, los trastornos musculoesqueléticos son comunes debido a factores como la mala postura y los movimientos repetitivos. Se llevó a cabo una revisión exploratoria para identificar las intervenciones ergonómicas y su eficacia en la industria eléctrica y electrónica. Aunque los estudios varían en metodología y calidad, las intervenciones han mostrado resultados positivos, aunque algunas pueden tener efectos secundarios. La competitividad a menudo conduce a la adopción de métodos de producción anticuados, lo que perjudica la productividad y la salud de los trabajadores. Sin embargo, medidas sencillas y de bajo coste pueden mejorar las condiciones de trabajo y la productividad. Se concluye que se necesitan más estudios, pero las intervenciones ergonómicas muestran 2 consistentemente beneficios tanto para la salud ocupacional como para el manejo corporativo.
DOI de la versión traducida: https://doi.org/10.4322/rae.v16n2.e202206.es
Palabras clave
Referencias
Aghilinejad, M., et al. (2016). An ergonomic intervention to reduce musculoskeletal discomfort among semiconductor assembly workers. Work, 54(2), 445-450.
Battevi, N., & Vitelli, N. (2013). Ergonomics and productivity: An example applied to a manufacturing industry. Med Lav, 104(3), 203-212.
Beevis, D., & Slade, I. M. (2003). Ergonomics - costs and benefits. Applied Ergonomics, 34(5), 413-418.
Carvalho, G. M., & Moraes, R. D. (2011). Sobrecarga de trabalho e adoecimento no Polo Industrial de Manaus. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 17(3), 465-482.
Chung, H., & Wang, M. (2002). Ergonomics interventions for wafer-handling task in semiconductor manufacturing industry. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 12(3), 297-305.
Daneshmandi, H., et al. (2018). An ergonomic intervention to relieve musculoskeletal symptoms of assembly line workers at an electronic parts manufacturer in Iran. Work, 61(4), 515-521.
Esmaeilzadeh, S., Ozcan, E., & Capan, N. (2014). Effects of ergonomic intervention on work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders among computer workers: A randomized controlled trial. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 87(1), 73-83.
Fadaei, F., et al. (2020). The effect of 8 weeks of Kinesio Taping and sport program on grip endurance of manufacturing industrial female assembly workers. Journal of Health and Safety at Work, 10(1), 87-95.
Ferreira, S. M. P., & Botelho, L. (2014). O emprego industrial na Região Norte: O caso do Polo Industrial de Manaus. Estudos Avançados, 28(81), 141-154.
Hulshof, C., et al. (2021). The prevalence of occupational exposure to ergonomic risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury. Environment International, 146, 106157.
Iida, I. (2002). Ergonomia: Projeto e Produção. São Paulo: Edgard Blücher.
Larson, B. A., & Ellexson, M. T. (2000). Blueprint for ergonomics. Work, 15(2), 107-112.
Martimo, K. P., et al. (2010). Effectiveness of an ergonomic intervention on the productivity of workers with upper-extremity disorders--a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 36(1), 25-33.
Morag, I., & Luria, G. (2018). A group-level approach to analyzing participative ergonomics (PE) effectiveness: The relationship between PE dimensions and employee exposure to injuries. Applied Ergonomics, 68, 319-327.
Motamedzade, M., et al. (2011). Ergonomics intervention in an Iranian television manufacturing industry. Work, 38(3), 257-263.
Neumann, W., et al. (2002). A case study evaluating the ergonomic and productivity impacts of partial automation strategies in the electronics industry. International Journal of Production Research, 40(16), 4059-4075.
Peters, M. D. J., et al. (2020). Scoping reviews. In E. Aromataris & Z. Munn (Eds.), JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis (Chapter 11). Adelaide: JBI.
Pinto, A. G., Tereso, M. J. A., & Abrahão, R. F. (2018). Práticas ergonômicas em um grupo de indústrias da Região Metropolitana de Campinas: natureza, gestão e atores envolvidos. Gestão & Produção, 25(2), 398-409.
Pullopdissakul, S., et al. (2013). Upper extremities musculoskeletal disorders: prevalence and associated ergonomic factors in an electronic assembly factory. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 26(5), 751-761.
Sen, R. N., & Yeow, P. H. (2003). Ergonomic study on the manual component insertion lines for occupational health and safety improvements. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 9(1), 57-74.
Silva, M. P., Pruffer, C., & Amaral, F. G. (2012). Is there enough information to calculate the financial benefits of ergonomics projects? Work, 41(1), 476-483.
Tricco, A. C., et al. (2018). PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(7), 467-473.
Vega, N. E. M., et al. (2019). Assessing the effectiveness of integrating ergonomics and sustainability: A case study of a Mexican maquiladora. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 25(4), 587-596.
Yeganeh, R., Yarahmadi, R., & Damiri, Z. (2020). Surveying the role of didactic interventional ergonomic-safety program on workers’ productivity. Journal of Health and Safety at Work, 10(3), 5-8.
Yeow, P. H. P., & Sen, N. R. (2003). Quality, productivity, occupational health and safety and cost effectiveness of ergonomic improvements in the test workstations of an electronic factory. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 32(3), 147-163.
Yeow, P. H., & Sen, R. N. (2004). Ergonomics improvements of the visual inspection process in a printed circuit assembly factory. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 10(4), 369-385.
Yeow, P. H. P., & Sen, N. R. (2006). Productivity and quality improvements, revenue increment, and rejection cost reduction in the manual component insertion lines through the application of ergonomics. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 36(4), 367-377.
